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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Library.nu</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a>, <a href="File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a>, <a href="Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Defunct as of 2012</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Technologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting services</a></li>

<li><a href="Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a></li>

<li><a href="WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Video on demand sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="123Movies" title="123Movies">123Movies</a></li>

<li><a href="Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li>

<li><a href="PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li>

<li><a href="Putlocker" title="Putlocker">Putlocker</a></li>

<li><a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">BitTorrent sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<li><a href="BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li>

<li><a href="Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li>

<li><a href="ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li>

<li><a href="FitGirl_Repacks" title="FitGirl Repacks">FitGirl Repacks</a></li>

<li><a href="KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li>

<li><a href="Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li>

<li><a href="RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li>

<li><a href="Rutracker.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutracker.org">Rutracker.org</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li>

<li><a href="YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Academic/scholarly</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Anna's_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">ICanHazPDF</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">Shadow library</a></li>

<li><a href="Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">File sharing networks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_Connect_(file_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect (file sharing)">Direct Connect</a></li>

<li><a href="EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li>

<li><a href="Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">P2P clients</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li>

<li><a href="EMule" title="EMule">eMule</a></li>

<li><a href="Filetopia" title="Filetopia">Filetopia</a></li>

<li><a href="%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li>

<li><a href="QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li>

<li><a href="Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li>

<li><a href="WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Streaming programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Butter_Project" title="Butter Project">Butter Project</a></li>

<li><a href="Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li>

<li><a href="Torrents-Time" title="Torrents-Time">Torrents-Time</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Anonymous file sharing</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li>

<li><a href="Darknet_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darknet (networking)">Darknet</a></li>

<li><a href="Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_peer-to-peer" title="Private peer-to-peer">Private P2P</a></li>

<li><a href="Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">Proxy server</a></li>

<li><a href="Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedbox</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Development and societal aspects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_file_sharing" title="Timeline of file sharing">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legality</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_issues_with_BitTorrent" title="Legal issues with BitTorrent">BitTorrent issues</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="File_sharing_in_Canada" title="File sharing in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="File_sharing_in_Japan" title="File sharing in Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="File_sharing_in_Singapore" title="File sharing in Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Comparisons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">Comparison of BitTorrent sites</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">Comparison of eDonkey software</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_Usenet_newsreaders" title="Comparison of Usenet newsreaders">Comparison of Usenet newsreaders</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<p><b>Library.nu</b>, previously called <b>ebooksclub.org</b> from 2004 to 2007 and <b>Gigapedia</b> from 2007 to 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a popular linking website. It was accused of <a href="Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> and shut down by court order on February 15, 2012. According to the takedown notice, it hosted some 400,000 <a href="Ebook" title="Ebook">ebooks</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2></div>

<p>According to an article posted in the British <i><a href="The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>, investigators believed that library.nu was operated by <a href="Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> nationals, possibly from <a href="Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>, through a server in <a href="Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Injunction">Injunction</h2></div>

<p>This website was targeted by coordinated legal action from 17 publishers who obtained an <a href="Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> from a <a href="Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> court.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tf_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the claimed infringing files were hosted on the iFile.it <a href="File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">file hosting service</a>, whose representatives however disclaimed a close relationship with Library.nu. In contrast, a representative of a private intellectual property agency hired by the book publishers stated that the "owners and directors of iFile.it" were the persons whose names appeared on the receipts of <a href="PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> donations to Library.nu.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a>, "the legal team of the publishers estimated the revenue based on page impressions as well as estimated income from premium accounts, but this figure is laughable according to the iFile.it owner, which makes sense considering the site’s modest size." The iFile.it owner also told TorrentFreak that "they can barely cover the server costs with the revenue they make."<sup id="cite_ref-tf_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div>

<p>The URL "library.nu" was revoked by the <a href=".nu" title=".nu">.nu</a> domain on 20 February 2012. Between the day of indictment and 24 February, library.nu redirected to <a href="Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Anna's_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="Academic_publishing#Publishers_and_business_aspects" title="Academic publishing">Business aspects of academic publishing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a></li>

<li><a href="Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Textbook#Market" title="Textbook">Textbook market</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Megaupload" title="Megaupload">Megaupload</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228055324/http://vikas-gupta.in/2009/08/10/gigapedia-the-greatest-largest-and-the-best-website-for-downloading-free-e-books">"Gigapedia: The greatest, largest and the best website for downloading eBooks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vikas-gupta.in/2009/08/10/gigapedia-the-greatest-largest-and-the-best-website-for-downloading-free-e-books/">the original</a> on 28 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Irish-run website investigated over ebook piracy operation." <a href="Sunday_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a> [London, England] 18 Dec. 2011: 6. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Dec. 2011.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pastebin.com/wd1ym2PB">[1]</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/08c911d4-57f4-11e1-ae89-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1nCt6bKWx">"File sharers targeted over ebooks"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-tf-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tf_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tf_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torrentfreak.com/book-publishers-shut-down-library-nu-and-ifile-it-120215/">"Book Publishers 'Shut Down' Library.nu and iFile-it - TorrentFreak"</a>. <i>TorrentFreak</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLosowsky2012" class="citation news cs1">Losowsky, Andrew (15 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/15/librarynu-book-downloading-injunction_n_1280383.html">"Book Downloading Site Targeted By Publishers"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Estienne, Pierre "<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223021726/https://knowledgeutopia.wordpress.com/2014/01/22/the-burning-of-library-nu/">[2]</a>", Knowledge Utopia (Blog)</li>

<li>Ernesto, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torrentfreak.com/book-publishers-shut-down-library-nu-and-ifile-it-120215/">Book Publishers ‘Shut Down’ Library.nu and iFile-it</a>", <a href="TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a>, February 15, 2012</li>

<li>Losowsky, Andrew, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/15/librarynu-book-downloading-injunction_n_1280383.html">Library.nu, Book Downloading Site, Targeted In Injunctions Requested By 17 Publishers</a>", <a href="Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>, February 16, 2012</li>

<li>Wujastyk, Dominik, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cikitsa.blogspot.com/2012/02/website-formerly-known-as-httplibrary.html">Burning the Library of Alexandria, again</a>", Cikitsā blog, Tuesday, February 28, 2012</li>

<li>Kelty, Christopher M., "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/02/2012227143813304790.html">The disappearing virtual library</a>", <a href="Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>, March 1, 2012</li>

<li>Liang, Lawrence. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-flux.com/journal/shadow-libraries/">Shadow Libraries</a>. e-flux.</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_culture_and_open_content148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Free_culture_and_open_content148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free culture</a> and <a href="Free_content" title="Free content">open content</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and<br>practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li>

<li><a href="Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li>

<li><a href="Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre"><i>Gratis</i> versus <i>libre</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Open_collaboration" title="Open collaboration">Open collaboration</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li>

<li><a href="Openness" title="Openness">Openness</a></li>

<li><a href="Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharism" title="Sharism">Sharism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Research and science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_science" title="Open science">Open science</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_access" title="Open access">Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Notebook science</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_research" title="Open research">Research</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_science_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Open science data">Science data</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Data, information,<br>and knowledge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_commons" title="Knowledge commons">Knowledge commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_communication" title="Open communication">Open communication</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_knowledge" title="Open knowledge">Open knowledge</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Content</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Communication<br>and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Collaborative_writing" title="Collaborative writing">Collaborative writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Democratic_media" title="Democratic media">Democratic media</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_publishing" title="Open publishing">Open publishing</a></li>

<li><a href="Participatory_media" title="Participatory media">Participatory media</a></li>

<li><a href="Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Open_education" title="Open education">Open education</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">educational resources</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_admissions" title="Open admissions">admissions</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-door_academic_policy" title="Open-door academic policy">open-door policy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open_universities" title="List of open universities">List of open universities</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Citizen_media" title="Citizen media">Citizen media</a>

<ul><li><a href="Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen journalism</a> and <a href="Wiki_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki journalism">Wiki journalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_journalism" title="Open-source journalism">Open-source journalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a> (FOSS)

<ul><li><a href="Free_software" title="Free software">Free/libre software</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open-design movement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open-source_robotics" title="Open-source robotics">Robotics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Open_gaming" title="Open gaming">Open gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_architecture" title="Open-source architecture">Open-source architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Economic principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_innovation" title="Open innovation">Open innovation</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_patent" class="mw-redirect" title="Open patent">Open patent</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_standard" title="Open standard">Open standard</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Politics and governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Open_government" title="Open government">Open government</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_governance" title="Open-source governance">Open-source governance</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_information_laws_by_country" title="Freedom of information laws by country">Freedom of information laws by country</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Architecture_Network" title="Open Architecture Network">Open Architecture Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative" title="Open Energy Modelling Initiative">Openmod Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Knowledge_Foundation" title="Open Knowledge Foundation">Open Knowledge Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Initiative" title="Open Source Initiative">Open Source Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Web_Foundation" title="Open Web Foundation">Open Web Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Scholarly_Publishing_and_Academic_Resources_Coalition" title="Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition">SPARC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Murray-Rust" title="Peter Murray-Rust">Peter Murray-Rust</a></li>

<li><a href="Douglas_Rushkoff" title="Douglas Rushkoff">Douglas Rushkoff</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li>

<li><a href="Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Wilbanks" title="John Wilbanks">John Wilbanks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects and<br>movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anna's_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="Do-it-yourself_biology" title="Do-it-yourself biology">DIYbio</a></li>

<li><a href="Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_science" title="Open science">Open science movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_movement" title="Open-source software movement">Open-source software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenCores" title="OpenCores">OpenCores</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenWetWare" title="OpenWetWare">OpenWetWare</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Anarchist_Library" title="The Anarchist Library">The Anarchist Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tools5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_software_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Free software license">Licenses</a>

<ul><li><a href="Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li>

<li>Definition docs

<ul><li><a href="Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Free Cultural Works</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">Free Software</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">Open Source</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Open_Data_Indices" title="Open Data Indices">Open Data Indices</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">Open educational resources</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Web" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Web">Open Web movement</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intellectual_property_activism89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Intellectual_property_activism89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> activism</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Artificial_scarcity" title="Artificial scarcity">Artificial scarcity</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship_by_copyright" title="Censorship by copyright">Censorship by copyright</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">Copyright infringement</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyright_troll" title="Copyright troll">Copyright troll</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="Gripe_site" title="Gripe site">Gripe site</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects of file sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_(culture)" title="Mashup (culture)">Mashup</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">music</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_novel" title="Mashup novel">novel</a></li>

<li><a href="Mashup_(video)" title="Mashup (video)">videos</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Monopolies_of_knowledge" title="Monopolies of knowledge">Monopolies of knowledge</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_piracy" title="Music piracy">Music piracy</a></li>

<li><a href="Orphan_work" title="Orphan work">Orphan works</a></li>

<li><a href="Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">Biopiracy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Societal_views_on_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal views on patents">Patents</a>

<ul><li><a href="Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">biological</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_patent" title="Software patent">software</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_patent_debate" title="Software patent debate">software patent debate</a></li>

<li><a href="Patent_troll" title="Patent troll">trolling</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All_rights_reversed" title="All rights reversed">All rights reversed</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyright_alternatives" title="Copyright alternatives">Alternative compensation system</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-copyright_notice" title="Anti-copyright notice">Anti-copyright notice</a></li>

<li><a href="Business_models_for_open-source_software" title="Business models for open-source software">Business models for open-source software</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>

<li><a href="Commercial_use_of_copyleft_works" title="Commercial use of copyleft works">Commercial use of copyleft works</a></li>

<li><a href="Commons-based_peer_production" title="Commons-based peer production">Commons-based peer production</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_sell-through" title="Electronic sell-through">Electronic sell-through</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_content" title="Free content">Free content</a></li>

<li><a href="Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Free-software license</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Libertarian positions</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Open content">Open content</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-design_movement" title="Open-design movement">Open-design movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li>

<li><a href="Patentleft" title="Patentleft">Open patent</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a>

<ul><li><a href="Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prizes_as_an_alternative_to_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Prizes as an alternative to patents">Prizes instead of patents</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inducement_prize_contest" title="Inducement prize contest">contests</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Share-alike" title="Share-alike">Share-alike</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Access_to_Knowledge_movement" title="Access to Knowledge movement">Access to Knowledge movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Criticism_of_copyright" title="Criticism of copyright">Anti-copyright</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_environmentalism" title="Cultural environmentalism">Cultural environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-copyright</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Copyright_Alliance" title="Copyright Alliance">Copyright Alliance</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pro-copyleft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anna's_Archive" title="Anna's Archive">Anna's Archive</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Rights_Group" title="Open Rights Group">Open Rights Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Organization_for_Transformative_Works" title="Organization for Transformative Works">Organization for Transformative Works</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Anarchist_Library" title="The Anarchist Library">The Anarchist Library</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li>

<li><a href="Piratbyr%C3%A5n" title="Piratbyrån">Piratbyrån</a></li>

<li><a href="Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_Knowledge" title="Public Knowledge">Public Knowledge</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">Shadow library</a></li>

<li><a href="Students_for_Free_Culture" title="Students for Free Culture">Students for Free Culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Cory Doctorow</a></li>

<li><a href="Alexandra_Elbakyan" title="Alexandra Elbakyan">Alexandra Elbakyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Rick_Falkvinge" title="Rick Falkvinge">Rick Falkvinge</a></li>

<li><a href="Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Suber" title="Peter Suber">Peter Suber</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Sunde" title="Peter Sunde">Peter Sunde</a></li>

<li><a href="Aaron_Swartz" title="Aaron Swartz">Aaron Swartz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Steal_This_Film" title="Steal This Film">Steal This Film</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="RiP!%3A_A_Remix_Manifesto" title="RiP!: A Remix Manifesto">RiP!: A Remix Manifesto</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Internet's_Own_Boy" title="The Internet's Own Boy">The Internet's Own Boy</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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